|
3D cell culture by the magnetic levitation method (MLM) is the application of growing 3D tissue by inducing cells treated with magnetic nanoparticle assemblies in spatially varying magnetic fields using neodymium magnetic drivers and promoting cell to cell interactions by levitating the cells up to the air/liquid interface of a standard petri dish. The magnetic nanoparticle assemblies consist of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and the polymer polylysine. 3D cell culturing is scalable, with the capability for culturing 500 cells to millions of cells or from single dish to high-throughput low volume systems.〔Souza, G. R. et al. Three-dimensional Tissue Culture Based on Magnetic Cell Levitation. Nature Nanotechnol.5, 291-296, doi:10.1038/nnano.2010.23 (2010).〕〔Molina, J., Hayashi, Y., Stephens, C. & Georgescu, M.-M. Invasive glioblastoma cells acquire stemness and increased Akt activation. Neoplasia12, 453-463 (2010).〕〔"Bio-Assembling in 3-D with Magnetic Levitation - Technology Review." Technology Review. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug. 2012. ==Overview== Standard monolayer cell culturing on tissue culture plastic has notably improved our understanding of basic cell biology, but it does not replicate the complex 3D architecture of in vivo tissue, and it can significantly modify cell properties. This often compromises experiments in basic life science, leads to misleading drug-screening results on efficacy and toxicity, and produces cells that may lack the characteristics needed for developing tissue regeneration therapies.〔〔〔Pampaloni, F., Reynaud, E. G. & Stelzer, E. H. K. The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.8, 839-845 (2007).〕〔Cukierman, E., Pankov, R., Stevens, D. R. & Yamada, K. M. Taking Cell-Matrix Adhesions to the Third Dimension. Science294, 1708-1712 (2001).〕〔Abbott, A. Biology's new dimension. Nature424, 870-872 (2003).〕〔Prestwich, G. D. Simplifying the extracellular matrix for 3-D cell culture and tissue engineering: A pragmatic approach. J. Cell. Biochem.101, 1370-1383, doi:10.1002/jcb.21386 (2007).〕〔Boudreau, N. & Weaver, V. Forcing the Third Dimension. Cell125, 429-431 (2006).〕〔Griffith, L. G. & Swartz, M. A. Capturing complex 3D tissue physiology in vitro. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.7, 211-224 (2006).〕 The future of cell culturing for fundamental studies and biomedical applications lies in the creation of multicellular structure and organization in three-dimensions.〔〔〔〔〔Birgersdotter, A., Sandberg, R. & Ernberg, I. Gene expression perturbation in vitro--a growing case for three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Semin. Cancer Biol.15, 405- 412 (2005).〕〔Yamada, K. M. & Cukierman, E. Modeling tissue morphogenesis and cancer in 3D. Cell130, 601-610 (2007).〕〔Atala, A. Engineering tissues, organs and cells. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med.1, 83-96 (2007).〕 Many schemes for 3D culturing are being developed or marketed, such as bio-reactors〔Bilodeau, K. & Mantovani, D. Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering: Focus on Mechanical Constraints. A Comparative Review. Tissue Eng.12, 2367-2383 (2006).〕 or protein-based gel environments.〔〔Prestwich, G. D., Liu, Y., Yu, B., Shu, X. Z. & Scott, A. 3-D culture in synthetic extracellular matrices: new tissue models for drug toxicology and cancer drug discovery. Adv. Enzyme Regul. 47, 196-207 (2007).〕 A 3D cell culturing system known as the Bio-Assembler™ uses biocompatible polymer-based〔 reagents to deliver magnetic nanoparticles to individual cells so that an applied magnetic driver can levitate cells off the bottom of the cell culture dish and rapidly bring cells together near the air-liquid interface. This initiates cell-cell interactions in the absence of any artificial surface or matrix. Magnetic fields are designed to rapidly form 3D multicellular structures in as little as a few hours, including expression of extracellular matrix proteins. The morphology, protein expression, and response to exogenous agents of resulting tissue show great similarity to in vivo results.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「3D cell culturing by magnetic levitation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|